Found small holes in your floorboards or furniture? Noticed fine powdery dust around wooden beams? You might have woodworm. Despite the name, woodworm isn't actually a worm at all - it's the larvae of wood-boring beetles that tunnel through timber as they feed and grow.
Woodworm is one of the most common timber problems we deal with across Glasgow and Central Scotland, particularly in older properties. The good news is that not every infestation is active, and not every case needs extensive treatment. The key is knowing what you're looking at.
At Advanced Preservation Specialists, we've been identifying and treating woodworm for 25+ years. This guide explains what woodworm is, how to spot it, and when you actually need to worry.
"Woodworm" is actually a general term for the larvae of several species of wood-boring beetle. The beetles lay their eggs in cracks or crevices on wooden surfaces. When the eggs hatch, the larvae burrow into the wood and feed on it as they grow - this feeding stage can last anywhere from two to five years depending on the species and conditions.
Eventually, the larvae mature into adult beetles and chew their way out of the wood, leaving the characteristic small round exit holes that most people recognise as signs of woodworm. The adult beetles then mate, lay eggs, and the cycle continues.
The most common species in the UK is the Common Furniture Beetle (Anobium punctatum), which accounts for around 75% of woodworm cases we see. But there are other species too, and identifying which one you're dealing with matters - some are more destructive than others.
"One of the first things we check is whether an infestation is actually active. Those holes you can see might be decades old - the beetles long gone. We look for fresh frass, the colour of the holes, and other signs before recommending any treatment. There's no point paying to treat a problem that's already resolved itself."
The most widespread species, responsible for most domestic infestations. Creates 1-2mm exit holes. Attacks softwood and the sapwood of hardwoods. Adults are 3-5mm, dark brown.
Attacks hardwood with high starch content. Creates very fine, flour-like frass. Often found in newer hardwood flooring, furniture and plywood. 1-2mm exit holes.
The most destructive species but thankfully rare in Scotland. Creates large oval holes up to 10mm. Can cause severe structural damage. Notifiable pest.
Unlike other wood-boring beetles, the Woodboring Weevil (Euophryum confine) can only survive in timber already softened by fungal decay. Finding it is a strong indicator that wet rot is present. If you spot this species, the underlying moisture problem needs addressing as a priority.
The Common Bark Borer (Ernobius mollis) attacks the sapwood and bark of softwood timbers such as pine and spruce. Typically found where bark hasn't been fully removed from structural timbers. Usually indicates a localised problem rather than widespread infestation.
The most serious wood-boring beetle, but extremely rare in Scotland. Prefers old hardwood, particularly oak, and is mainly associated with historic buildings in southern England. Creates larger 3mm exit holes. If you suspect Deathwatch Beetle, specialist assessment is essential.
Woodworm damage often goes unnoticed until it becomes significant. Here's what to look for:
Fresh exit holes have clean, light-coloured edges and may have frass nearby. Old holes look weathered and darker inside. Adult beetles emerge in spring and summer, so this is the best time to spot active infestations.
Woodworm beetles are attracted to certain conditions. Understanding what causes infestations helps you prevent them.
Damp timber is far more attractive to beetles than dry wood. Poor ventilation, leaks, and condensation all increase the risk of infestation. Timber with a moisture content above 18% is particularly vulnerable.
Sub-floor voids without adequate airflow create ideal conditions for woodworm. Blocked air bricks, enclosed spaces, and stagnant air all contribute to the problem.
Wood that hasn't been treated with preservative is more vulnerable, especially softwoods like pine and spruce. Modern treated timber is far more resistant to attack.
Historic buildings with original timbers are more susceptible, particularly if maintenance has lapsed. Victorian and Edwardian properties across Glasgow commonly show signs of past or present woodworm activity.
Woodworm can be introduced to your property via second-hand furniture, antiques, or reclaimed timber. Always inspect items carefully before bringing them into your home.
Woodworm and damp often go hand in hand, but the species tells you how serious the problem is. The Woodboring Weevil can only survive in timber already softened by wet rot, so finding it points to active moisture damage. The Common Furniture Beetle is often found in older roof voids or poorly ventilated sub-floors where the damp issue may have already passed. Correct identification means you get the right fix, not just the most expensive one.
Treatment depends on the severity of the infestation, the species involved, and whether the timber is structural or decorative. Here's what professional treatment typically involves:
For minor infestations in non-structural timber, a brush or spray application of insecticidal treatment to the affected wood is often sufficient. This kills any larvae near the surface and provides residual protection against re-infestation.
Where timber has been severely weakened and structural integrity is compromised, sections may need to be cut out and replaced. All new timber is treated before installation.
Addressing the underlying moisture problem is essential for long-term success. This might involve improving ventilation, fixing leaks, or installing additional air bricks to sub-floor voids.
"We see a lot of properties where someone's been sold expensive woodworm treatment for what turned out to be an old, inactive infestation. Before we recommend any treatment, we make sure it's actually needed."
DIY woodworm treatments are available from most hardware stores. For small, localised infestations in non-structural timber (like a piece of furniture), these can be effective if applied correctly.
However, there are limitations:
Professional woodworm treatment comes with a comprehensive long-term guarantee with insurance backing. This protects you if the problem returns and provides documentation that's often required for property sales or mortgage applications.
Fully accredited professionals you can rely on
Don't guess whether it's active or not. Our PCA qualified surveyors will identify the problem, confirm if treatment is needed, and provide a clear report with guaranteed solutions.
